Francesco V of Austria-Este, Duke of Modena, Reggio and Guastalla, succeeds his father in 1846; when the revolution broke out, he was forced to flee, only to return to Modena in August 1849. His reign was marked by long commercial, military and administrative negotiations with the Austrian kingdom, in which he tried to protect his sovereignty and the peoples he governs , despite the disproportion between the two parties involved. He definitively abandoned the duchy in 1859, and died in exile in Vienna in 1875.