The Archaeological Museum of Colle Val d'Elsa, dedicated to the memory of the Sienese scholar Ranuccio Bianchi Bandinelli, is located in the Palazzo Pretorio (or del Podestà) which, together with the Palazzo del Popolo and the Palazzo dei Priori, represents the symbol of the political power of Municipality of Colle in the Middle Ages.

The archaeological collection is made up exclusively of finds from the territory, starting from the Eneolithic up to the Middle Ages, which testify to the early importance assumed by the Valdelsa thanks to its strategic position with respect to the ancient communication routes.

The 15 rooms that make up the itinerary tell, in particular, the development of Etruscan society in the Valdelsano territory in relation to the affirmation of the political power of the nearby and flourishing Volterra: the greatest number of finds in the area belongs to the archaic and Hellenistic period, of to which the finds of the two great necropolises of Le Ville and Dometaia testify. The Archaeological Museum of Colle also preserves the splendid equipment from the tomb of the noble Calisna Sepu family, located in the Casone necropolis (Monteriggioni) and used between the 4th and 1st centuries BC. Inside the tomb, 105 depositions have been found; it is to be considered, for its richness but also for its continuity of use, one of the most important finds of northern Etruria referable to the Hellenistic age. The kits included large black-varnished vases from Volterra, splendid bronze mirrors (one of which bearing the scene of the Judgment of Paris) and a wide range of tableware used by the Etruscan aristocracy.