The episode depicted in the painting is narrated in the Gospel of Luke (2, 41-50): Joseph and Mary, having lost the young Jesus in Jerusalem, find him inside the temple, intent on questioning experts on theological questions. The painting brings together two moments: Jesus' dispute with the doctors of the temple and the finding by Joseph and Mary, the latter visible at the bottom of the picture, between the leg of Jesus and one of the doctors. The setting of the painting is divided into two visual centers: the young Jesus sitting on the right and the column of the temple to represent the new faith as opposed to the old. Around the crowd of doctors are arranged, who listen in amazement and bewildered, or they discuss alarmed, comparing the words of Jesus with the sacred scriptures.