The National Archaeological Museum of Florence is located in the historic center of the city.

The National Archaeological Museum of Florence is one of the oldest in all of Italy and was officially established in 1870 by King Vittorio Emanuele II.

Today, the National Archaeological Museum of Florence includes a wide collection of Roman and Egyptian antiquities. Originally, the Egyptian collection was housed in a separate museum from the archaeological one. The collection was expanded thanks to the Grand Duke of Tuscany Leopoldo II, who funded an expedition to Egypt with Jean-François Champollion and Ippolito Rosellini, both Egyptologists.

The artifacts collected were divided between the Louvre in Paris and Florence. Starting in 1883 with Director Ernesto Schiapparelli, the collections grew significantly. The Greek-Roman and Egyptian collection consists of various artifacts such as: bronze figurines, funerary objects, ceramics and terracotta, coins, and sculptures in plaster and marble.

Today, it is possible to admire a large part of the ancient Medici-Lorraine collections, the Egyptian Museum, part of the topographical section, with large Etruscan funerary complexes, and a rich section of Greek vases found in Etruscan tombs. Among the most famous artifacts preserved in the museum are the François Vase and the Enigma of the Isolino di Pesaro.

A new section dedicated to ancient gems of the Medici and Lorraine families and the Lorenzini Head is now available.