The former Church of San Barbaziano is a deconsecrated church in Bologna which stands at the intersection of via Barberia and via Cesare Battisti.

Tradition attributes its foundation to San Petronio in 432, but it was then rebuilt between 1608 and 1612 by Pietro Fiorini to replace the old church of the convent of the same name which was now considered unsuitable for the new cult requirements defined by the Council of Trent.

The former Church of San Barbaziano consists of a single nave overlooked by eight side chapels (four on each side), some of which are part of the original church and incorporated into the new building.

Following the Napoleonic suppression of religious orders, the hermits of San Girolamo were suppressed in 1797 and the convent sold in 1799 and the title of parish and the care of souls passed to the church of Santa Caterina di Saragozza. In 1806 the church was definitively suppressed and in 1813 the municipality bought it.

In 1870 the property passed to the military property which continued to use it as a warehouse, also building a mezzanine to make better use of the space.

Due to the long period of misuse, most of the decorations have disappeared and the building is in a poor state of preservation. In recent years the property has passed to the Emilia Romagna Museum Complex which, together with the Regional Secretariat, is taking care of its safety and restoration.