The work is a family portrait depicting Duke Francesco I (1610-1658) together with his first wife, Maria Farnese (1615-1646), and their eldest son Alfonso (Duke of Modena and Reggio from 1658 to 1662 with the name of Alfonso IV). It was created by Nicolas Régnier (1591-1667), a painter of French origins who moved to Rome in the second decade of the seventeenth century, and was immediately seduced by the Caravaggism then in vogue. Despite the apparently popular tenor of the genre scenes of Caravaggist painting, which often lingered in genre scenes, these works were particularly coveted by aristocratic collecting. Consequently, it was not uncommon for such painters to lend themselves to the creation of portraits, especially in the case of significant commissions as in this specific case.