The Denial of Peter, now unanimously assigned to the Roman period of the young Ribera, was for a long time attributed by Roberto Longhi to the so-called Master of the Judgment of Solomon, based on the painting of the same name in the Borghese Gallery. The painter, born in Jàtiva, Spain, arrived in the papal city around 1606, where he came into contact with the extraordinary pictorial renewal initiated by Caravaggio. Merisi's Denial of Peter, now in the Metropolitan Museum in New York but at the time in Rome, constitutes the starting point of the Corsini painting. The literal quotation of the gesture of Peter who, when questioned in front of the palace of Caiaphas, denies knowing Christ (Mt 26, 69-95) is exceptionally relegated to the extreme right: Ribera decides, in fact, to expand the scene horizontally with repetition of the accusation against the saint by the woman and the old man with the plumed hat, including the tavern table on which the guards are intent on playing dice. This is an iconographic innovation that will become a reference for other Caravaggesque artists and will help spread the representation of the evangelical episodes in horizontal format, often set and "updated" in contemporary tavern scenes. The work, created around 1615-1616 shortly before Ribera left for Naples, is probably identifiable with the one mentioned in the inventory of Giovan Francesco Cussida of 1624 and then in that of Carlo De Rossi of 1683. During the eighteenth century, it entered in the collection of Cardinal Lorenzo Corsini, future Pope Clement XII, and from 1750, it was placed in the gallery of the Palazzo in via della Lungara.