Currently the museum, managed by the Army, is located on a main site at the Citadel Keep which hosts, in addition to the museum management, temporary exhibitions and conferences, and a secondary site which houses the museum depot which can be visited at the "Amione Barracks".

The National Historical Museum of Artillery is the first European institution of its kind and the oldest museum in Turin, founded at the Royal Arsenale by Carlo Emanuele III in 1731. In 1893 the museum was moved to the Keep of the Citadel and in 1961, on the occasion of the centenary of the Unification of Italy was further enlarged. The importance of the collections, around 12,000 artefacts, which present many specimens from all over the world, some unique and of great value, give the museum a leading place. The finds offer an exhaustive panorama of the history of weapons starting from the Neolithic up to the 20th century.