The Museum am Löwentor is one of the two locations of the Naturkundemuseum, the science and natural history museum of Stuttgart. The museum was born in 1817 from the collection of the Dukes of Württemberg (which originated in 1791 and, in turn, came from the Kunsterkabinett of the dukes, dating back to the 16th century). Before the Second World War, the collection of the State Museum of Natural History was housed in Neckarstrasse in the city center. Some of the artifacts were destroyed during the war, the much larger part, which had previously been moved, has been preserved. Since 1956, the museum has been housed in the Rosenstein Castle, built in the 19th century, to which, in 2018, the second site of the Museum am Löwentor, dedicated to geology and paleontology, was added. The seat of the Schloss Rosenstein is instead dedicated to biology.

The Museum am Löwentor holds a collection of fossil records from mainly southwestern Germany, a region with relatively rich fossil deposits. The museum itinerary covers 250 million years of geological history in Baden-Württemberg. One of the exhibits in the museum is the skull of the prehistoric Steinheim man (Homo steinheimensis). The route begins with the Triassic period (about 250-210 million years ago), leads to the Jurassic period (about 210-140 million years ago), to the Tertiary period (65-2 million years ago) and ends with the mammoth , the aurochs and cave bears in the Quaternary Ice Age (two million years ago to date). The life-size replicas of the prehistoric inhabitants in the dioramas (red sandstone, shell limestone, Lower Keuper, Middle Keuper, Black Jura, White Jura), combined with the original finds, are intended to provide information about the world millions of years ago. In the museum you can also see the so-called Amber Cabinet, which shows animals and plants enclosed in the fossil resin.