The Museum für Vor- und Frühgeschichte is a Saarland museum dedicated to the archeology of the Saarland territory, starting from prehistory and protohistory, up to the Celtic, Roman and medieval periods. It is based in the Kreisständehaus, a historic building in the heart of the city, where the Alte Galerie is also located.

The collection includes antiques, ancient tombs, coins and much more. Among the major artifacts in the collection is the so-called "Treasure of the tomb of the Celtic Princess of Reinheim", one of the most precious Celtic artifacts in the world. Created around 370 BC, it includes masterfully decorated gold jewelery and numerous other splendid accessories in amber, glass and bronze. The largest object in the collection and the most important artifact of Saarland archeology is found in the original location of an ancient Roman villa. It is a large gladiator mosaic of the Roman Villa Nennig, with 160 square meters and about 3 million stones, one of the largest and most refined Roman mosaicists preserved north of the Alps. The cultural offer of the museum also offers numerous temporary exhibitions, conferences and events.