The Oxford History of Science Musuem (Oxford Museum of the History of Science) was founded in 1600 as a reference center for the study and teaching of scientific subjects. To this end, there were classrooms, a laboratory and even an anatomical theater.

The building was converted into a real museum only in 1924, when Robert Gunther and Lewis Evans, the two founders, donated their collection. For this very reason, the museum was originally called the Lewis Evans Collection. With the addition of new material, the name was changed in 1935 to the Museum of the History of Science and only in 2018 it became the Museum of the History of Science. Today it is part of the museums managed by the University of the same name.

The museum contains a vast collection of scientific objects and instruments among which an important series of microscopes and objects from the Arab world stand out.

In addition to this, manuscripts, books, prints, photographs and scientific documentation are also kept inside the museum.

The Oxoford Museum of the History of Science also regularly hosts special exhibitions always related to the world of science.