The National Museum of Anthropology in Madrid was the first museum dedicated to anthropology in Spain. Its founder was Pedro González Velasco and was inaugurated in 1875 by King Alfonso XII as an Anatomical or Anthropological Museum. The current museum of Anthropology is the result of the merger, in 1993, of two pre-existing museums, that is of ethnography and that of the people.

The permanent exhibition housed in the museum is divided over three floors and aims to propose a global vision of the cultures of the different peoples of the world, divided by the various continents: Africa, America, Oceania, Asia and Europe.

The finds that reach about twenty-one thousand are therefore divided into each of these. The National Museum of Anthropology in Madrid is also home to a busy schedule of activities.