The Grünes Gewölbe is a Dresden museum located in the Dresden Castle, or Royal Palace (Residenzschloss), a 16th-century palace that houses other museums (the Cabinet of Drawings and Prints, the Numismatic Cabinet and the Dresden Museum of Arms) .   The museum is part of the Staatliche Kunstsammlungen Dresden, the state collection of the Land of Saxony. The Grünes Gewölbe keeps a collection dedicated to jewels and precious stones. It was the largest collection of jewelry in Europe until 2019, when the museum suffered an estimated theft worth around one billion euros.

The entire collection includes more than 4000 pieces and in addition to the jewels it includes stones and precious metals such as gold, crystals and diamonds. The core of the collection derives from the treasure of the Elector of Saxony Augustus II of Poland, known as the Strong ("der Starke"). Most of the jewels were made by the goldsmith Johann Melchior Dinglinger. Within the collection, pieces of the highest value stand out in particular, such as the statue of the Mohr mit Smaragdstufe (Moor with emerald plate), created by Balthasar Permoser in 1724, 64 centimeters high and richly decorated with precious stones and jewels ; the green Dresden diamond, a 41-carat green brilliant, whose green color is unique since it derives from its natural radiation. Another diamond is the 48-carat Sächsische Weiße (white Saxon). Also unique is a 648-carat sapphire, a gift from Tsar Peter the Great of Russia. And again, the Golden Coffee Service, which represents a service of coffee cups, a sugar bowl and an elaborate coffee pot, all in enameled gold, is also worth mentioning. Augustus of Saxony brought this service with him to Warsaw on Christmas 1701 to dazzle the Polish-Lithuanian nobles and persuade them to elect him as their ruler.