The Römisch-Germanisches Museum is a Cologne museum dedicated to the archeology of the prehistoric, Roman and Frankish times found in the urban area of the city of Cologne. It is located near the Duomo and the central station. Inaugurated in 1961, the museum houses over 100,000 historical artifacts. The seat of the museum was built around an important mosaic depicting different scenes from the life of Dionysus. Probably, the mosaic was part of a Roman housing complex from the 3rd century. The mosaic and the 15-meter funerary monument dedicated to the legionary Marco Publicio (1st century) can always be admired, even from the outside of the museum, thanks to the panoramic windows overlooking the square of the Duomo. In fact, the building that houses the museum was conceived as a real "window on the Roman era".

The oldest finds in the museum collection date back to gatherers and hunters present in the Rhineland during the Palaeolithic and Mesolithic periods. There are also testimonies of the first agricultural villages of the Iron and Bronze Age and Celtic and Germanic finds dating back to the centuries that preceded the arrival of the Romans. The centerpiece of the museum's collection is the evidence of the five centuries of Roman domination. Augustus, founder of Cologne, is remembered by a miniature effigy in green glass. After its foundation, the ancient Cologne became an important economic and religious center of Lower Germany. The museum also contains the largest collection in the world of Roman glass objects used between the 1st and 4th centuries, including numerous luxury and decorated glasses from the same era such as blown vases decorated with figures, decorated glasses, and goblets. . Omani goldsmiths and sculptors created products of great value, such as refined amber miniatures. Majestic frescoes and mosaics of great value were an integral part of the furnishings of the houses of the city's aristocrats. The most recent exhibits in the museum date back to the Merovingian age (5th - 6th century).