The Herzog Anton Ulrich-Museum is a Braunschweig museum of Renaissance and Baroque art, mainly Northern European. Founded in 1754, it is one of the oldest public museums in Europe, opened just a year after the British Museum in London . The museum has its origins in the Cabinet of Art and Natural History of the Duke of Brunswick Charles I, which included a collection of Baroque and Renaissance period crafts and sculptures, but also ancient works of art that did not originate from the 'Europe. The natural history collection later became the basis of the Natural History Museum in Braunschweig.

The collection of paintings includes mainly works by German and Flemish artists. There are works by artists such as François Boucher, Lucas Cranach the Elder, Dürer, Van Dyck, Giorgione, JGerrit van Honthorst, Rembrandt, Rubens and Vermeer. The museum also has a huge collection of graphic works. Finally, there are several sculptures and objects of applied art.