The painting, from the d'Avalos collection, is signed and dated 1637. The depicted theme refers to the most dramatic moment of the famous ancient myth: after having challenged Apollo in a musical contest and after losing, Marsyas is punished for his audacity and flayed alive. The dynamism of the composition, played on the crossed diagonals of the figures and on the fluttering mantle of Apollo, is combined with the pictorial treatment of the chromatic material, which is invested with brilliant luministic effects, testifying to the painter's adhesion to the pictorial current which had established itself in Naples since the mid-thirties. A signed version of this subject can be found in the Musées Royaux des Beaux - Arts in Brussels.