Maria Antonia di Baviera was the wife of Frederich Christian von Sachen, Elector of Saxony, son of August III of Saxony, king of Poland from 1734 to 1763. The presence of the portrait in the Throne Room is motivated by the close ties of kinship with the Neapolitan court of Maria Antonia, sister-in-law of the queen of Naples Maria Amalia of Saxony, daughter of Augustus III of Saxony and wife of King Charles of Bourbon.

Maria Antonia is portrayed almost full-length, with a very large robe and her right hand resting on the crown. The elegant taffeta dress is wrapped in a royal cape in blue velvet lined with ermine, the royal symbol par excellence. On the bodice, the Electress wears the insignia of the order of Saint Catherine founded by Emperor Peter I in 1714 in honor of the Empress Catherine, his wife.

Passionate about art and music of which she was a great promoter, Maria Antonia was herself a musician, an expert in harpsichord; he has composed several works including "Talestri, Queen of the Amazons", a musical drama composed in 1763 and published in 1765, of which the Aria "Da te mi dividi" is proposed. The work could be autobiographical because the protagonist recognizes that she has the strength and energy to save her people.