The vertical sundial in true solar time is made up of a marble slab (white Carrara) on which the reference marks and the hours are engraved. The Babylonian hour clock is located on the east facing wall of the central building of the Observatory. The clock indicates how many hours the Sun has risen (horae ab ortu Solis). This system of counting the hours has been in use throughout the Middle East until a few decades ago and its origin dates back to ancient times. A brass rod called an orthostyle is fixed perpendicularly to a certain point on the marble slab. The rod generates a line of shadow in the sunlight, the extreme point of which is the useful element for reading this watch. The extremity of the shadow of the orthostyle, running over the engraved lines, provides these indications: the hours elapsed since sunrise and the seasons.