The classic subject, invented by the sophist Prodico and perhaps suggested by Fulvio Orsini, librarian of the Farnese family, depicts the apparition of two women to the mythical Hercules and his doubt in the choice between one and the other. In fact, Pleasure, the young woman in a succinct and transparent dress, points out to him the flat road between playing cards, masks and musical instruments, while Virtue, the woman dressed in red and blue, points out the steep ascent of a mount which there is winged Pegasus, emblem of the Farnese family, which will lead it to heaven. In the lower left corner the poet immortalizes the hero's deeds, assuring him undying fame. Made in 1596 for Cardinal Odoardo, it was placed in the Farnese palace in the center of the vault of the "camerino di Ercole" decorated with examples of virtues to emulate. Hannibal, still mindful of the Bolognese frescoes of Palazzo Sampieri, appears already intent on combining "idea" and "nature" on the examples of Raphaelesque classicism and antiquity. Both the compositional scheme, taken from a classical relief, and the head of Hercules, taken from that of the Farnese Hercules, at that time still located in the courtyard of the palace, refer to it. Starting from 1662 the canvas, replaced by a copy still in place, underwent various movements and then became part of the "Cabinet of obscene paintings" of the Royal Bourbon Museum.